Pendo is a product experience platform designed to help you understand and enhance user experiences by collecting data, analyzing behavior, delivering in-app guidance, and gathering feedback.
This article provides transparency for changes and improvements to this platform, which include the tools and infrastructure that provide the foundation for delivering Pendo. This includes updates about the following:
- Installation and configuration.
- Data management. For information about data analytics, see What's new in Analytics.
- Page and Feature tagging, which is needed for Pendo to categorize and track individual URLs and elements.
- Subscriptions, including account management and terms of service.
July 2025
Set default language for Pendo
You can now set a default locale for your subscription. This controls the language shown across core Pendo pages for users who haven’t selected a personal locale. Supported languages include Japanese and German, with more languages planned. Individual users can override this setting in their user profile. For more information, see Subscription settings and User profile in Pendo.
Block undefined metadata fields from the agent
You can now block the creation of new visitor and account metadata fields sent from the agent. This setting helps you maintain data governance by ensuring that only predefined metadata fields are accepted into your subscription. Any new, undefined fields are immediately discarded and never stored or processed in Pendo. For more information, see Block undefined agent metadata fields.
June 2025
Support for multiple IdPs per domain
You can now configure multiple active identity providers (IdPs) for a single domain. This allows you to support different authentication systems for users under the same verified domain. This is useful for organizations that use separate IdPs across business units or regions. For more information, see SAML Single Sign-On (SSO) overview.
May 2025
Request access to dashboards
You can now request access to dashboards you don’t have permission to view. Instead of a 404 error, you're shown a screen where you can request access. Dashboard owners are notified in-app and by email, and can grant viewer or editor access or decline the request. Requesters are notified when a decision is made. This change introduces a new way to manage access across your organization without relying on external communication. For more information, see Manage dashboard access requests.
Assign users to teams in bulk
You can now assign users to one or more teams in bulk from your user settings. With this update, you can also view each user's team assignments in the new Teams column of the Users table and open a team's details directly from your user profile if you're a subscription admin. These updates provide more ways to view and manage team assignments across your subscription. For more information, see Organize users with teams and Manage internal users.
Get help from the Pendo Support Bot
Our new AI-powered Pendo Support Bot replaces Ask Pendo (beta) and is now available to all users. It provides real-time answers to common questions. If you're on a paid plan, the bot can also escalate complex issues directly to our support team. This update offers faster, more efficient help with no ticket form required. For more information, see Get help with Pendo from Technical Support.
April 2025
Visitor and account hover cards
You can now view visitor and account details at a glance by hovering over a name or ID across Pendo. Hover cards include usage highlights, like first visit, days active, and time spent, as well as any metadata you've mapped, such as account type or revenue. This provides quick context without navigating away from your current view. To customize the metadata shown, configure your mappings in Settings > Metadata. For more information, see Configure visitor and account metadata.
New metadata mappings
You can now map visitor and account metadata fields to standardized attributes like email and account type. These mappings support hover cards and ensure consistent labels and values across the platform. As part of this change, the Data Mappings page is now called Metadata to better reflect its broader purpose. For more information, see Metadata and data mappings.
New Org Reporter role for MAU insights
You can now assign the Org Reporter role in your organization settings to let users view monthly active user (MAU) counts and trends across all subscriptions. This helps share usage insights without giving access to other settings. For more information, see MAU metrics and Organization users.
Australia data-hosting environment
If you're a customer with business or regulatory requirements to store data in Australia, Pendo can provide a separately managed environment, hosted entirely within Australia, to comply with applicable data protection regulations or business requirements. For more information, see Global data hosting.
Email functionality setting for Listen
On by default, the Email functionality for Listen setting in Settings > Subscription settings allows you to send update emails to your visitors from a feedback item or idea in Listen. For more information, see Subscription settings.
Assign visitor types to your applications
You can now assign a visitor type (B2B, B2C, or B2E) to each of your applications in Pendo. This helps us provide more relevant insights and features based on how your product is used. You can update these settings anytime from your application settings. For more information, see Web application settings.
March 2025
Organize users with teams
You can now create custom user groups in Pendo called teams. This allows you to share dashboards with a specific team instead of selecting individual users, and supports data-centric collaboration by letting team members comment and @mention one another on shared dashboards. With this change, Settings > Users is now Settings > Users and teams. For more information, see Organize users with teams.
Invite users to Pendo in bulk
You can now invite up to 10 users at a time during the user creation process. This helps you onboard users more efficiently and assign them to a team as part of the invitation. For more information, see Manage internal users.
The Pendo Toolkit for Salesforce generally available
The Pendo Toolkit for Salesforce, which is set up on top of a browser extension implementation of Pendo, has moved from beta to general availability, For more information, see The Pendo Toolkit for Salesforce.
Self-service SAML SSO
If you have SAML SSO access included in your Pendo contract and you've not yet configured SAML SSO, organization admins can set up SAML SSO without contacting Pendo Support. For more information, see Organization settings overview, SAML Single Sign-On (SSO) overview, and Set up SAML Single Sign-On (SSO).
January 2025
The Pendo Toolkit for Salesforce (closed beta)
You can set up the Pendo Toolkit for Salesforce on top of a browser extension implementation of Pendo to make it easier to deploy certain Pendo capabilities on Salesforce effectively and efficiently. For more information, see The Pendo Toolkit for Salesforce.
Unsubscribe from comment threads
You can unsubscribe from a comment thread to stop receiving notifications in both the notification center and by email. For more information, see Collaborate in Listen and Collaborate on dashboards.
Delete comments
Admin users can delete comments made by any Pendo user in Listen. For instructions, see Collaborate in Listen and Collaborate on dashboards.
Email notifications for collaboration
Pendo users can opt in or out of receiving an email notification whenever someone replies to a thread that they're in, mentions them in a comment, or responds with an emoji to one of their comments. For instructions, see Collaborate in Listen and Collaborate on dashboards.
November 2024
Drop the bots
A setting has been added to subscription settings that allows you to filter out new bot activity from your usage data in Pendo. For more information, see Bot activity in your usage data.
Retrieve metadata through an IdP
If you're implementing Pendo through the Pendo Launcher browser extension, you can retrieve metadata alongside Visitor ID through your identity provider (IdP). For more information, see Extension subscription settings. For instructions, see Identify visitors and metadata through an IdP, Identify visitors and metadata through Okta, and Identify visitors and metadata through Microsoft Azure.
Notification center
As you collaborate in Pendo, you can review and manage new comments as they come in from a centralized location in Pendo: the notification center. For information, see Notification center. For more information about collaboration features in other parts of Pendo, see Take a tour of Pendo, Collaborate on dashboards, and Collaborate in Listen.
Collaboration in Pendo
Collaboration in Pendo allows you to communicate with other Pendo users in dashboards and in Listen. You can comment on individual items in Pendo and mention other users to start a conversation. For more information, see Take a tour of Pendo, Collaborate on dashboards, and Collaborate in Listen.
Segment hover cards
You will now see a card when hovering over a segment in any segment dropdown. This gives you important segment details at a glance, helping you to decide if this is the best segment for your use case. For more information, see Segments.
October 2024
Segment verification
You can verify segments to communicate that the segment has been checked for quality and accuracy. This helps teams choose useful segments when conducting analysis, and to maintain a clean, organized, and trustworthy dataset. For more information, see Verify segments and Roles and permissions.
Personalized Pendo homepage
You can set a personalized homepage in Pendo, which provides tailored recommendations and resources based on your business goals. This helps you quickly jump to data that's meaningful to you. For more information, see Personalized Pendo homepage.
September 2024
Inactivity timeout setting
In Settings > Subscription settings, you can set the amount of time that a Pendo user can be inactive for before they're signed out of Pendo and are required to sign back in. For more information, see Subscription settings.
Replay summaries and descriptions (beta)
Turn on the Replay summaries and descriptions setting in Subscription settings to allow AI create summaries and descriptions of replays in Session Replay. For more information, see Subscription settings.
Insights AI feature setting
Turn on the Insights setting in Subscription settings to allow the Pendo AI assistant to analyze trends in account behavior to reveal ways to improve your product. For more information, see Subscription settings.
Permissions for creating and editing an ideas portal in Listen
A new feature in Listen, the ability to create, edit, and share one or more ideas portals with your visitors, is available to users with Admin permissions or to users with Listen Manager permissions. For more information, see Listen permissions in Roles and permissions.
Pendo's ideas portal
We have launched an ideas portal, where you can vote on the ideas displayed there and provide other feedback about your experience with Pendo. For more information, see Submit product feedback to Pendo.
Permissions for adding ideas to Listen
New functionality for adding ideas to roadmaps in Listen is available to users with Admin permissions or to users with Listen Manager permissions that also have either Roadmap Creator permissions or Roadmap Publisher permissions. For more information, see Listen permissions in Roles and permissions.
August 2024
Retrieve visitor metadata through your identity provider (IdP)
For a browser extension implementation of Pendo, deployed through the Pendo Launcher, you can configure Visitor ID through your IdP, such as Okta or Microsoft Azure. For more information, see Extension subscription settings.
Roadmap sharing permissions for Listen
New roadmap functionality in Listen requires roadmap-specific permissions. By default, new users are given the Roadmap Creator role. Admin users in Pendo are given all roadmap permissions. For more information, see Listen permissions > Roadmaps roles in Roles and permissions.
July 2024
Single Sign-On (SSO) settings
Organization admins can set up SAML with SCIM for Okta through the SSO tab in Settings > Organization Settings. For more information, see Organization settings overview and Set up SCIM in Pendo.
Extension subscription settings tab
Subscription-level settings for a browser extension implementation of Pendo have been moved to a new tab in Subscription Settings. For more information, see Extension subscription settings.
Segment detail updates
We updated the segment details panel in People > Segments with several visual improvements. Most actions are now located at the top of the panel, including a new favorite option. Additionally, we made minor adjustments to the tabs within the panel for better organization, including adding a new Overview tab that displays the segment's description. For more information, see Manage segments.
Product feedback policy
We've moved to Pendo Listen, which allows us to gather and then act on feedback as part of the larger product management lifecycle. In line with this change, we've updated our product feedback policy, which describes our guidelines for how we collect and manage feedback that you give us. For more information, see Pendo's product feedback policy.
June 2024
Tagging role name change
The user role associated with managing Pages, Features, and Track Events has been renamed from Analyst to Tagging Editor for enhanced clarity. For more information, see Roles and permissions.
Download segment list as CSV
You can now export your list of segments from People > Segments as a CSV file. This allows you to download your segment data for offline analysis or sharing with others. For more information, see Manage segments.
Add favicons to web applications
You can now assign a favicon to represent each of your web applications in Pendo using the Branding setting in your application settings. This update allows you to upload custom images, providing visual cues for application identification. For more information, see Web application settings.
Add descriptions to segments
You can now add and view segment descriptions within the segment builder. Additionally, you can view and search by descriptions from People > Segments and see them within the Segments table and the segment detail view. This helps you better understand and organize your segments. For more information, see Segments.
May 2024
Favorited segments in dropdown selection
Favorited segments now display at the top of the segment filter list across Pendo. This enhancement helps you quickly access the segments that matter most to you, eliminating the need to scroll or search for your most-used segments. For more information, see Manage segments.
Page event properties
Previously available through a closed beta, all Pendo Admins can now use Page event properties for tagging purposes. These event properties are especially useful for tagging apps with unchanging or incomprehensible URLs. For property setup and tagging instructions, see Page event properties.
MAU metrics
There is a new default tab in Organization Settings called MAU, which shows you how many unique active visitors have used your applications over the past 30 days. For more information, see MAU metrics.
Tag details on hover in segments
When hovering over a Page, Feature, and Track Event in the segment builder, you can now view the full name, description, and related metrics, including total interactions, unique visitors, and unique accounts who interacted with the event in the last 30 days. This hover feature is also available when filtering by events in Session Replay. For more information, see Segments.
Page details update
The Page details page now features updated styling to align with our standard design patterns. Additionally, a new metric has been added at the top of the page, indicating Number of page views over the selected date range. For more information about Page details, see Tagging and viewing Pages.
Add web applications in Pendo
You can add more applications to your Pendo subscription from Pendo settings. This is additional to the default application created at the time that your subscription was created. For instructions, see Add more web apps.
April 2024
Cookie lifespan and refresh settings
You can set the maximum number of days that a web browser cookie set by the Pendo agent remains valid before expiring, and you can prevent cookies from refreshing their expiration times. For more information, see Web application settings.
Deactivate applications
You can remove applications from the Applications list in your subscription settings. When you deactivate an application, you remove it from the non-Admin view of Pendo. The application is no longer active and you can’t reactivate the application after you’ve deactivated it. For more information, see Manage web apps, Deactivate extension apps, and Deactivate mobile apps.
Changes to Subscription Settings and App Details
Updates to the copy and ordering of settings in Subscription Settings and in the App Details page of your web and extension application settings. For more information, see Subscription settings, Web application settings, and Extension application settings.
Additionally, a new setting has been added to extension applications: Set visitor metadata through browser scripting, which is needed for configuring a browser extension implementation of Pendo through browser scripting. For instructions, see Identify visitors and metadata through browser scripting. For a specific example of configuring a browser extension implementation of Pendo using Salesforce, see Identify visitors using a Salesforce component.
Page and Feature IDs
You can add Page ID and Feature ID as table columns in the respective list pages. These columns are sortable and resizable within each table, and they’re included in CSV exports if added to the table prior to export. This update simplifies the process of accessing ID values for use in API, Data Sync, and bulk update or delete handled by our support team, eliminating the need to manually retrieve IDs from individual Page and Feature details pages' URLs.
Feature type
The Type filter in Product > Features now only shows types that are currently available in the Features list. Prior to this, all possible Feature types showed, regardless of whether a specific Feature type was available in the table, which sometimes caused confusion if no results displayed in the table. This dropdown doesn’t display if you only have one type of Feature. For more information, see Tagging and viewing Features.
Sitewide element detection
When tagging Features in the Visual Design Studio, you now see an estimate of the number of URLs where the same Feature rule exists in your app, based on a sample of recent event data. This update helps you avoid data inaccuracies by providing insight into the rule's relevance across URLs, enabling more informed decisions about targeting Features sitewide or on specific Pages. For more information about tagging Features, see Tagging and viewing Features.
Improved date picker
You can navigate more efficiently through many of the date pickers throughout our app. When using a custom date range, you can choose the month or year directly from the top of the date picker. This update allows you to access historical data faster without repetitive clicks.
March 2024
Visitor and account Feedback requests
The previous Feedback tab on the details pages for visitors and accounts, which lists product requests submitted by a visitor or account in Pendo Feedback, is now labeled as Requests. This change was made to minimize confusion when referencing the Feedback tab in Pendo Discover. For more information, see Visitor details and Account details.
February 2024
Recently used Pages when tagging
When tagging new Features or merging existing Pages or Features in the Visual Design Studio, the Page dropdown now shows recently selected Pages at the top of the menu. This is useful when you're consecutively tagging elements on a specific Page or if you consistently work with only a few Pages in your app. For more information about tagging, see Tagging and viewing Pages and Tagging and viewing Features.
January 2024
Recently used Product Areas when tagging
When tagging in the Visual Design Studio, the Product Area dropdown now shows recently selected Product Areas at the top of the menu. This is useful when you're consecutively tagging elements for a specific Product Area or if you consistently work with only a few Product Areas. For more information about tagging, see Tagging and viewing Pages and Tagging and viewing Features.
Last tagging mode selection
When opening the Visual Design Studio to tag Pages or Features, the mode selection now defaults to your last chosen mode (side-by-side or in an overlay) to help streamline your tagging process. For more information about tagging, see Tagging and viewing Pages and Tagging and viewing Features.
Tag Features with no element present
You can now tag Features even if an element isn't found on a page. Prior to this, Pendo wouldn't allow you to tag a Feature in the Visual Design Studio if the element wasn't present on the page. This is particularly helpful if you know the selector for an element that's not currently on the page where you're tagging. For more information about tagging Features, see Tagging and viewing Features.
Page type column
You can now add the Type column to the Pages table in Product > Pages. For more information on each table column, see Tagging and viewing Pages.
Clone Pages and Features
You can now duplicate existing Pages and Features on their respective details pages, generating a copy within the same app in a new tab. This functionality proves beneficial when dealing with numerous Pages or Features that share minor distinctions, saving you time by eliminating the need to create new tags in the Visual Design Studio and make slight modifications. For more information, see Tagging and viewing Pages and Tagging and viewing Features.
Add descriptions while tagging Features
You can now add and update descriptions for Features when adding new tags or updating existing tags in the Visual Design Studio. This helps you add context to your Feature tags for better organization and clarity. For more information, see Tagging and viewing Features.
View and search by description
You can now view and search by descriptions for Pages, Features, and Track Events in their respective overview lists. This helps you quickly find and understand the context of each tag.
Add descriptions while tagging Pages
You can now add and update descriptions for Pages when adding new tags or updating existing tags in the Visual Design Studio. This helps you add context to your Page tags for better organization and clarity. For more information, see Tagging and viewing Pages.
December 2023
Add descriptions to Pages, Features, and Track Events
You can now add descriptions for Pages, Features, and Track Events on their relevant details pages. This helps you add context to your tags for easier identification and management.
Use rule builder when editing Features
You can now use the rule builder when retargeting elements for existing Features in the Visual Design Studio. Prior to this change, you could only use the rule builder when tagging a new Feature. For more information on the rule builder, see Feature Element Matching.
Configure Feature rules with the rule builder
When tagging in the Visual Design Studio, you can now further refine your Feature rules using the rule builder with the following configuration options: Attribute Exists, Starts With, Ends With, and Contains. For more information, see Feature Element Matching.
Event details in Visual Design Studio
We’ve updated the experience when viewing tagged Features and Pages in the Visual Design Studio to provide you with more details. When you select a Feature or Page, you can now view the associated app, Product Area, and Page location (for Features), and the names of the users who created and last updated the tag below the name of the event. You can now access the metrics, such as total clicks and views, by selecting the Metrics dropdown at the bottom of the modal. For more information, see Manage tagged Features.
Updated headers for event details
When viewing specific Pages, Features, and Track Events on their respective detail pages, you can now edit the names of these events, view the app they’re associated with, and view and modify the assigned Product Area at the top of the page. Previously, these details were listed within the Details section below the filters. This change in behavior aligns with the current structure of the details page for guides.
November 2023
Set cookie domain in app settings
Admins can now enable agent cookies for a specific domain or subdomain in your app settings using the Cookie domain setting. Prior to this change, you had to implement domain cookies directly in your install script, which required developer resources. If you have a cookie domain implemented in your install script, this domain takes precedence over what's defined in your app settings.
As part of this change, we also separated all settings related to cookie and data privacy settings into its own section and added descriptions to each of these settings. To learn more, see Pendo Settings.
Access higher levels of the DOM tree when tagging Features
The Feature Rule Builder allows you to access higher nodes (levels) in the DOM tree for the element you've selected during tagging with the Visual Design Studio. Choosing a node that's higher up the DOM tree selects a larger clickable area than choosing a node that's lower down the DOM tree. For more information, see Rule Builder in the Tagging and viewing Features article.
Track anonymous visitors across apps and subdomains
If your app has domain cookies enabled, you can now use a new app setting to Enable cross-app cookies for consistent anonymous visitor identification. This setting enables anonymous IDs to persist across apps and subdomains within the same web domain. This setting is off by default and not available for extension apps. To learn more, see Track anonymous visitors across subdomains.
Feature auto-tagging
If you've added custom HTML attributes, you can then enable automatic Features tagging, which adds new Pendo Features when elements associated with your custom HTML attributes are clicked. For more information, see Automatic Feature tagging with custom HTML attributes.
October 2023
Heatmap updates
The Heatmap in the Visual Design Studio has undergone design improvements and now also distinguishes between tagged and suggested Features in you application. For more information, see Feature Designer Heatmap (Visual Design Studio).
Suggested Features
The Visual Design Studio now offers a list of suggested Features based on visitor engagement with elements in your application for you to review, tag, or delete. For more information, see Suggested Features.
Session Replay
Session Replay allows you to visualize a visitor’s interactions in your app so that you can better understand their experience with your product. If you're interested in getting access, contact your Pendo account representative. To learn more about Session Replay, see our Replay documentation.
Navigation menu
You can now experience the new appearance for the left-side navigation menu, along with the option to collapse or expand the menu to maximize your screen space.
AI feature settings
Subscription settings now include an AI Features section, where you can learn more about and enable each AI feature. For more information, see Pendo Settings.
Retrieve your "Do Not Process" (DNP) records
You can validate that enabling the Do Not Process (DNP) setting was successful or retrieve DNP records for auditing using our aggregation endpoint. For more information, see Opt out of tracking with DNP.
Multi-app selection
You can select multiple apps from the app filter throughout Pendo. This isn’t available in dashboards, individual reports and guides, or Validate.
September 2023
You now have a choice between tagging Pages and Features in an overlay that appears on top of your app or in a separate window to the right of your browser. For more information, see Tagging with the Visual Design Studio.
August 2023
Test exports for Data Sync
You can create a test export of Pendo data so that you can see how Pendo data appears in Avro files and plan the ETL pipeline required to pull Pendo data from your cloud storage. You don't need to be a paying Data Sync customer to do this. For more information, see the Overview of Pendo Data Sync.
Zendesk messaging integration
Pendo now integrates with Zendesk messaging to deliver chat functionality to your customers as a module in your application's Resource Center. For instructions on how to set up this integration, see Integrate Zendesk messaging with Pendo.
Feature auto-tagging (closed beta)
Customers in our closed beta group can enable automatic Features tagging. Features then appear in your Features list in Pendo. For more information, see Automatic Feature tagging with custom HTML attributes
July 2023
Application settings
Access your apps and app settings by navigating to Settings > Subscription Settings from the bottom of the left-side navigation and selecting the Applications tab. This new tab contains a platform filter and search field to help you find the app you're looking for. Prior to this update, all apps displayed in tile format at the top of the Subscription Settings page with no way to search or filter.
Pendo Data Sync for Microsoft Azure Storage
We now offer the ability to send your Pendo event data in Avro format to your Microsoft Azure Storage account so that it can be pulled into a date lake or warehouse with a standard ETL process. For more information and instructions, see Set up Data Sync with Microsoft Azure Storage.
June 2023
Retroactive processing in Data Sync
We retroactively update data that you've synced to your warehouse whenever Page or Feature rules are added or changed in Pendo. For more information, see Data Sync export handling.
May 2023
Duplication prevention when creating Features
We've added validations to the Feature tagging process to help prevent you from creating duplicate Features in Pendo. These validations warn you when you're about to create a Feature with a duplicate name, and when the Feature you're creating has the same rule as another Feature. For more information about tagging Features, see Tagging and viewing Features.
April 2023
SAML with SCIM for Okta
We support Okta as the Identity Provider (IdP) used to set up SCIM in Pendo, allowing you to provision accounts and control user permissions at a group level. For more information see Set up SCIM in Pendo and Set up SAML with SCIM for Okta.
SAML 2.0 SSO with Okta
We support the SAML 2.0 standard for Single Sign-On (SSO). This allows your users to sign in to Pendo using your enterprise SSO Identity Provider (IdP) instead of their email and password. For information about the the SAML configuration process for both IdP-initiated and SP-initiated login flows, see the SAML Single Sign-On (SSO) Overview.
Configure your organization CNAME (closed beta)
You can create hostnames under your own application’s domain to use in place of Pendo hostnames for both sending events and downloading guide content. For more information, see CNAME for Pendo Engage and Configure organization CNAME.
March 2023
Sample URLs in suggested Pages
We now show up to five top Sample URLs in the Suggested Pages table as an expandable dropdown. For more information, see Suggested Pages.
February 2023
Up and down arrows in Suggested Match for Features
When tagging a Feature in the Visual Design Studio, you're offered an automatically generated Suggested Match under Feature Element Matching, which is based on the element you select for tagging. You can use the up and down arrows to adjust your selection to include a larger or smaller area in the Feature rule. For more information, see Tagging and viewing Features.
Exclude rules for tagging Pages
When tagging a Page in the Visual Design Studio, you can create create rules that exclude URLs from the Page you're creating using the Rule Builder or the Custom URL options. For more information, see Tagging and viewing Pages.
January 2023
Rule Builder in the Visual Design Studio
We've added a Rule Builder to the Visual Design Studio for both Page tagging and Feature tagging. For Pages, the Rule Builder gives you the option to apply <Ignore>, <Ignore after>, <Parameter>, or <Contains> statements to elements of the URL you provided for tagging. For Features, the Rule Builder shows you the HTML elements and attributes available in the area that you’ve selected for tagging. For more information, see Tagging and viewing Pages and Tagging and viewing Features.
Additional rule syntax for Suggested Pages
Rules for Suggested Pages now also use question marks (?
) for queries and hashtags (#
) for fragments. For more information about the rule syntax for Suggested Pages, see the Suggested Pages article. For URL syntax examples, see URLs for Page tagging.